Automatically estimating 3D skeleton, shape, camera viewpoints, and part articulation from sparse in-the-wild image ensembles is a severely under-constrained and challenging problem. Most prior methods rely on large-scale image datasets, dense temporal correspondence, or human annotations like camera pose, 2D keypoints, and shape templates. We propose Hi-LASSIE, which performs 3D articulated reconstruction from only 20-30 online images in the wild without any user-defined shape or skeleton templates. We follow the recent work of LASSIE that tackles a similar problem setting and make two significant advances. First, instead of relying on a manually annotated 3D skeleton, we automatically estimate a class-specific skeleton from the selected reference image. Second, we improve the shape reconstructions with novel instance-specific optimization strategies that allow reconstructions to faithful fit on each instance while preserving the class-specific priors learned across all images. Experiments on in-the-wild image ensembles show that Hi-LASSIE obtains higher quality state-of-the-art 3D reconstructions despite requiring minimum user input.

Creativity is an indispensable part of human cognition and also an inherent part of how we make sense of the world. Metaphorical abstraction is fundamental in communicating creative ideas through nuanced relationships between abstract concepts such as feelings. While computer vision benchmarks and approaches predominantly focus on understanding and generating literal interpretations of images, metaphorical comprehension of images remains relatively unexplored. Towards this goal, we introduce MetaCLUE, a set of vision tasks on visual metaphor. We also collect high-quality and rich metaphor annotations (abstract objects, concepts, relationships along with their corresponding object boxes) as there do not exist any datasets that facilitate the evaluation of these tasks. We perform a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art models in vision and language based on our annotations, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of current approaches in visual metaphor Classification, Localization, Understanding (retrieval, question answering, captioning) and gEneration (text-to-image synthesis) tasks. We hope this work provides a concrete step towards developing AI systems with human-like creative capabilities.

Large-scale diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art results on text-to-image synthesis (T2I) tasks. Despite their ability to generate high-quality yet creative images, we observe that attribution-binding and compositional capabilities are still considered major challenging issues, especially when involving multiple objects. In this work, we improve the compositional skills of T2I models, specifically more accurate attribute binding and better image compositions. To do this, we incorporate linguistic structures with the diffusion guidance process based on the controllable properties of manipulating cross-attention layers in diffusion-based T2I models. We observe that keys and values in cross-attention layers have strong semantic meanings associated with object layouts and content. Therefore, we can better preserve the compositional semantics in the generated image by manipulating the cross-attention representations based on linguistic insights. Built upon Stable Diffusion, a SOTA T2I model, our structured cross-attention design is efficient that requires no additional training samples. We achieve better compositional skills in qualitative and quantitative results, leading to a 5-8% advantage in head-to-head user comparison studies. Lastly, we conduct an in-depth analysis to reveal potential causes of incorrect image compositions and justify the properties of cross-attention layers in the generation process.

Prompt tuning is a new few-shot transfer learning technique that only tunes the learnable prompt for pre-trained vision and language models such as CLIP. However, existing prompt tuning methods tend to learn spurious or entangled representations, which leads to poor generalization to unseen concepts. Towards non-spurious and efficient prompt learning from limited examples, this paper presents a novel \underline{\textbf{C}}ounterfactual \underline{\textbf{P}}rompt \underline{\textbf{L}}earning (CPL) method for vision and language models, which simultaneously employs counterfactual generation and contrastive learning in a joint optimization framework. Particularly, CPL constructs counterfactual by identifying minimal non-spurious feature change between semantically-similar positive and negative samples that causes concept change, and learns more generalizable prompt representation from both factual and counterfactual examples via contrastive learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CPL can obtain superior few-shot performance on different vision and language tasks than previous prompt tuning methods on CLIP. On image classification, we achieve 3.55\% average relative improvement on unseen classes across seven datasets; on image-text retrieval and visual question answering, we gain up to 4.09\% and 25.08\% relative improvements across three few-shot scenarios on unseen test sets respectively.

大型文本对图像模型在AI的演变中取得了显着的飞跃，从而使图像从给定的文本提示中实现了高质量和多样化的图像合成。但是，这些模型缺乏在给定的参考集中模仿受试者的外观，并在不同情况下合成它们的新颖性。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的方法，用于“个性化”文本图像扩散模型（将它们专门针对用户的需求）。仅作为一个主题的几张图像给出，我们将验证的文本对图像模型（图像，尽管我们的方法不限于特定模型），以便它学会了将唯一标识符与该特定主题结合。一旦将受试者嵌入模型的输出域中，就可以使用唯一标识符来合成主题的完全新颖的光真逼真的图像在不同场景中的上下文化。通过利用具有新的自动构基特异性的先前保存损失的语义先验嵌入到模型中，我们的技术可以在参考图像中未出现的不同场景，姿势，视图和照明条件中合成主题。我们将技术应用于几个以前无用的任务，包括主题重新定义，文本指导的视图合成，外观修改和艺术渲染（所有这些都保留了主题的关键特征）。项目页面：https：//dreambooth.github.io/

深尾学习旨在培训有用的深层网络，以实用现实世界中的不平衡分布，其中大多数尾巴类别的标签都与一些样本相关联。有大量的工作来训练判别模型，以进行长尾分布的视觉识别。相比之下，我们旨在训练有条件的生成对抗网络，这是一类长尾分布的图像生成模型。我们发现，类似于识别图像产生的最新方法类似，也遭受了尾部类别的性能降解。性能降解主要是由于尾部类别的类别模式塌陷，我们观察到与调节参数矩阵的光谱爆炸相关。我们提出了一种新型的组光谱正规剂（GSR），以防止光谱爆炸减轻模式崩溃，从而导致尾巴类别的形象产生多样化和合理的图像产生。我们发现GSR有效地与现有的增强和正则化技术结合在一起，从而导致长尾数据上的最新图像生成性能。广泛的实验证明了我们的常规器在不同程度不平衡的长尾数据集上的功效。

GAN的进展使高分辨率的感性质量形象产生了产生。 stylegans允许通过数学操作对W/W+空间中的潜在样式向量进行数学操作进行引人入胜的属性修改，从而有效调节生成器的丰富层次结构表示。最近，此类操作已被推广到原始StyleGan纸中的属性交换之外，以包括插值。尽管StyleGans有许多重大改进，但仍被认为会产生不自然的图像。生成的图像的质量基于两个假设。 （a）生成器学到的层次表示的丰富性，以及（b）样式空间的线性和平滑度。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个层次的语义正常化程序（HSR），该层次正常化程序将生成器学到的层次表示与大量数据学到的相应的强大功能保持一致。 HSR不仅可以改善发电机的表示，还可以改善潜在风格空间的线性和平滑度，从而导致产生更自然的样式编辑的图像。为了证明线性改善，我们提出了一种新型的度量 - 属性线性评分（ALS）。通过改善感知路径长度（PPL）度量的改善，在不同的标准数据集中平均16.19％的不自然图像的生成显着降低，同时改善了属性编辑任务中属性变化的线性变化。

无监督的域适应性（DA）中的主要挑战是减轻源域和目标域之间的域移动。先前的DA工作表明，可以使用借口任务来通过学习域不变表示来减轻此域的转移。但是，实际上，我们发现大多数现有的借口任务对其他已建立的技术无效。因此，我们从理论上分析了如何以及何时可以利用子公司借口任务来协助给定DA问题的目标任务并制定客观的子公司任务适用性标准。基于此标准，我们设计了一个新颖的贴纸干预过程和铸造贴纸分类的过程，作为监督的子公司DA问题，该问题与目标任务无监督的DA同时发生。我们的方法不仅改善了目标任务适应性能，而且还促进了面向隐私的无源DA，即没有并发源目标访问。标准Office-31，Office-Home，Domainnet和Visda基准的实验证明了我们对单源和多源无源DA的优势。我们的方法还补充了现有的无源作品，从而实现了领先的绩效。

通过手动创建或使用3D扫描工具来创建高质量的铰接3D动物3D模型。因此，从2D图像重建铰接的3D对象的技术至关重要且非常有用。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个实用问题设置，以估算只有几个（10-30）特定动物物种（例如马）的野外图像（Horse）的3D姿势和形状。与依赖于预定义模板形状的现有作品相反，我们不假设任何形式的2D或3D地面真相注释，也不利用任何多视图或时间信息。此外，每个输入图像合奏都可以包含具有不同姿势，背景，照明和纹理的动物实例。我们的主要见解是，与整体动物相比，3D零件的形状要简单得多，并且它们是强大的W.R.T.动物姿势关节。遵循这些见解，我们提出了Lassie，这是一个新颖的优化框架，以最少的用户干预以自我监督的方式发现3D部分。 Lassie背后的关键推动力是使用自我篇幅的深度功能实现2D-3D零件的一致性。与先前的艺术相比，关于Pascal-Part和自我收集的野生动物数据集的实验表明，3D重建以及2D和3D部分的发现都更好。项目页面：chhankyo.github.io/lassie/

传统的域适应性（DA）技术旨在通过学习领域不变表示来改善域的可传递性；同时保留从标记的源数据中收集的任务歧义性知识。但是，同时访问标签源和未标记的目标的要求使其不适合无源的无源DA设置。实现有效原件到通用域映射的微不足道的解决方案可改善可转移性，但会降低任务可区分性。从理论和经验的角度分析障碍后，我们得出了新颖的见解，以表明原始和相应的翻译通用样品之间的混合会增强可区分性可转移性权衡，同时适当尊重以隐私为导向的无源源环境。在现有的无源DA方法之上，简单但有效地实现了所提出的见解，可产生最先进的性能，并更快地收敛。除了单源外，我们还胜过分类和语义分割基准的多源先验艺术。